Security Architecture

Auteur
Affiliations

[Author Name]

Université de Toulon

LIS UMR CNRS 7020

Date de publication

2026-10-03

Purpose of this Document

This document defines the security architecture for [System Name], including security controls, policies, and implementation approaches to protect the system from threats and vulnerabilities.

Security Strategy Overview

Security Philosophy: [Overall approach to security]
Primary Goals:
  - [Goal 1, e.g., "Protect sensitive customer data"]
  - [Goal 2, e.g., "Ensure regulatory compliance"]
  - [Goal 3, e.g., "Minimize security incident impact"]

Key Principles:
  - [Principle 1, e.g., "Defense in depth"]
  - [Principle 2, e.g., "Least privilege"]
  - [Principle 3, e.g., "Secure by design"]

Threat Model

Threat Actors

External Threats:
  - Actor: [Threat actor type, e.g., "Cybercriminals"]
    Motivation: [Primary motivation, e.g., "Financial gain"]
    Capabilities: [Skill/resource level, e.g., "Moderate technical skills"]
    Targets: [Primary targets, e.g., "Customer data, payment information"]
  
  - Actor: [Additional threat actor]
    # Similar structure as above

Internal Threats:
  - Actor: [Threat actor type, e.g., "Privileged users"]
    Motivation: [Primary motivation, e.g., "Accidental misuse"]
    Capabilities: [Skill/resource level, e.g., "High system access"]
    Targets: [Primary targets, e.g., "Administrative functions, sensitive data"]
  
  - Actor: [Additional threat actor]
    # Similar structure as above

Threat Scenarios

ID Scenario Impact Likelihood Controls
TS-01 [Brief description] [High/Medium/Low] [High/Medium/Low] [Control references]
TS-02 [Brief description] [High/Medium/Low] [High/Medium/Low] [Control references]
TS-03 [Brief description] [High/Medium/Low] [High/Medium/Low] [Control references]

Security Architecture Diagram

graph TD
    subgraph "External"
        A[Internet]
        B[Partners]
    end
    
    subgraph "DMZ"
        C[WAF]
        D[Load Balancers]
        E[API Gateway]
    end
    
    subgraph "Application Layer"
        F[Authentication]
        G[Authorization]
        H[Application Services]
    end
    
    subgraph "Data Layer"
        I[Encryption]
        J[Data Access Control]
        K[Databases]
    end
    
    A --> C
    B --> C
    C --> D
    D --> E
    E --> F
    F --> G
    G --> H
    H --> I
    I --> J
    J --> K

Security Controls Framework

Identity & Access Management:
  Authentication:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Multi-factor authentication"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above
  
  Authorization:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Role-based access control"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above

Data Protection:
  Encryption:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Data-at-rest encryption"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above
  
  Data Loss Prevention:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Data classification"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above

Network Security:
  Perimeter:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Web application firewall"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above
  
  Segmentation:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Network zones"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above

Application Security:
  Secure Development:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Static code analysis"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above
  
  Runtime Protection:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Input validation"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above

Operations Security:
  Monitoring:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Security information and event monitoring"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above
  
  Incident Response:
    - Control: [Control name, e.g., "Incident response plan"]
      Implementation: [Implementation approach]
      Coverage: [Where applied]
      Verification: [How effectiveness is verified]
    
    - Control: [Additional control]
      # Similar structure as above

Authentication & Authorization

@startuml
actor User
participant "Frontend" as FE
participant "API Gateway" as GW
participant "Auth Service" as Auth
participant "Resource Server" as RS
database "User Store" as US

User -> FE: Access application
FE -> GW: Request access
GW -> Auth: Authenticate user
Auth -> US: Verify credentials
US --> Auth: Valid credentials
Auth --> GW: Issue token
GW --> FE: Return token
FE -> GW: Request resource with token
GW -> Auth: Validate token
Auth --> GW: Token valid + user permissions
GW -> RS: Forward request with context
RS -> RS: Check authorization
RS --> GW: Return resource if authorized
GW --> FE: Return response
FE --> User: Display resource
@enduml

Data Classification & Handling

Classification Description Examples Handling Requirements
Public [Definition] [Examples] [Requirements]
Internal [Definition] [Examples] [Requirements]
Confidential [Definition] [Examples] [Requirements]
Restricted [Definition] [Examples] [Requirements]

Encryption Strategy

Data at Rest:
  - Database: [Encryption approach]
  - File Storage: [Encryption approach]
  - Backups: [Encryption approach]
  - Key Management: [Key management approach]

Data in Transit:
  - External Communications: [Encryption approach]
  - Internal Communications: [Encryption approach]
  - API Endpoints: [Encryption approach]
  - Certificate Management: [Certificate approach]

Data in Use:
  - Memory Protection: [Protection approach]
  - Secure Processing: [Processing approach]
  - Tokenization: [Tokenization approach]

Security Monitoring & Response

Monitoring:
  Log Sources:
    - Application Logs: [Collection approach]
    - Network Logs: [Collection approach]
    - Security Logs: [Collection approach]
    - Infrastructure Logs: [Collection approach]
  
  Detection:
    - Rule-based: [Detection approach]
    - Anomaly-based: [Detection approach]
    - Threat Intelligence: [Integration approach]
  
  Alerting:
    - Severity Levels: [Alert levels]
    - Notification Channels: [Communication channels]
    - Escalation Paths: [Escalation process]

Response:
  Incident Handling:
    - Classification: [Incident classification]
    - Triage: [Triage process]
    - Containment: [Containment approach]
    - Eradication: [Eradication approach]
    - Recovery: [Recovery approach]
  
  Forensics:
    - Evidence Collection: [Collection process]
    - Analysis: [Analysis approach]
    - Reporting: [Reporting process]
  
  Communication:
    - Internal: [Communication plan]
    - External: [Disclosure approach]
    - Regulatory: [Compliance reporting]

Compliance Requirements

Regulatory:
  - Regulation: [e.g., "GDPR"]
    Key Requirements:
      - [Requirement 1]
      - [Requirement 2]
    Implementation: [How addressed]
    Audit: [Audit approach]
  
  - Regulation: [Additional regulation]
    # Similar structure as above

Industry Standards:
  - Standard: [e.g., "PCI DSS"]
    Key Requirements:
      - [Requirement 1]
      - [Requirement 2]
    Implementation: [How addressed]
    Audit: [Audit approach]
  
  - Standard: [Additional standard]
    # Similar structure as above

Internal Policies:
  - Policy: [Policy name]
    Key Requirements:
      - [Requirement 1]
      - [Requirement 2]
    Implementation: [How addressed]
    Audit: [Audit approach]

Secure Development Lifecycle

graph LR
    A[Requirements] --> B[Design]
    B --> C[Implementation]
    C --> D[Verification]
    D --> E[Release]
    E --> F[Maintenance]
    
    subgraph "Security Activities"
    A1[Threat Modeling]
    B1[Security Design Review]
    C1[Static Analysis]
    C2[Dependency Scanning]
    D1[Security Testing]
    D2[Penetration Testing]
    E1[Final Security Review]
    F1[Vulnerability Management]
    end
    
    A --> A1
    B --> B1
    C --> C1
    C --> C2
    D --> D1
    D --> D2
    E --> E1
    F --> F1

Vulnerability Management

Scanning:
  - Code Scanning:
      Tools: [Tools used]
      Frequency: [How often performed]
      Coverage: [What's scanned]
  
  - Dependency Scanning:
      Tools: [Tools used]
      Frequency: [How often performed]
      Coverage: [What's scanned]
  
  - Infrastructure Scanning:
      Tools: [Tools used]
      Frequency: [How often performed]
      Coverage: [What's scanned]

Remediation:
  - Risk Assessment:
      Methodology: [How risks are assessed]
      Scoring: [Risk scoring approach]
  
  - Prioritization:
      Criteria: [Prioritization criteria]
      SLAs: [Time to fix by severity]
  
  - Verification:
      Process: [Verification approach]
      Documentation: [How fixes are documented]

Security Testing

Test Types:
  - Static Analysis:
      Tools: [Tools used]
      Coverage: [What's tested]
      Integration: [CI/CD integration]
  
  - Dynamic Analysis:
      Tools: [Tools used]
      Coverage: [What's tested]
      Frequency: [How often performed]
  
  - Penetration Testing:
      Approach: [Testing approach]
      Scope: [What's tested]
      Frequency: [How often performed]
  
  - Security Reviews:
      Types: [Review types]
      Participants: [Who's involved]
      Frequency: [How often performed]

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